Tuesday, August 24, 2010
Jalan jalan : batam d2
Oke, hari ini kita jalan menuju NAGOYA HILL, tempat perbelanjaan yang cukup bagus dengan tamu tamu lokal, domestik, dan asing. dengan ukuran yang cukup luas dapat menampung food court yang luas, arena permainan, dan tempat perbelanjaan tentunya. pada atrium utama sedang diadakan obral pakaian yang didiskon 50% ampe 70%. dan dengan tema puasa dan lebaran secara sekarang dalam suasana bulan ramadhan a.k.a puasa. mall seluas 4 lantai ini terdiri dari 1 lantai parkir pd bag. atap dan sisanya tempat perbelanjaan. diisi oleh barang barang kw3,kw2,kw1,asli,palsu, dan BM membuat mall ini dikunjungi oleh khalayak ramai. sekian dulu tuk hari ini.
Jalan jalan : batam D1
7AM: Departed with Lion Air
8AM: Arrived at Hang Nadim Airport
Then, we went 2 sista's house @ sagulung district in the front of the GOR Bulutangkis Batu Aji by DAMRI bus. We passed my friend's house @ Taman Dutamas near The airport. The view to the location are great. There are rocks, lake, industrial park, malls, hotels and constructions. Last, we arrived there.
8AM: Arrived at Hang Nadim Airport
Then, we went 2 sista's house @ sagulung district in the front of the GOR Bulutangkis Batu Aji by DAMRI bus. We passed my friend's house @ Taman Dutamas near The airport. The view to the location are great. There are rocks, lake, industrial park, malls, hotels and constructions. Last, we arrived there.
Sunday, August 22, 2010
Homoseksualitas
Salah satu bentuk penyimpangan seksual atau "Sexual Deviation" ialah "Homoseksualitas". Bentuk penyimpangan ini adalah yang paling banyak dan sering dijumpai disamping bentuk-bentuk penyimpangan lain misalnya sadisme, voyeurisme dsb. Pelbagai faktor yang amat kompleks, faktor fisik (organobiologik), faktor psikologi kepribadian dan sosial kultural menjadikan seseorang individu itu mengalami penyimpangan di bidang perkembangan seksualnya, atau yang lebih mendalam lagi penyimpangan dalam bidang psikoseksual.
Masalah homoseksualitas itu tidak saja merupakan problem bagi individu yang bersangkutan, tetapi juga merupakan masalah sosial sebagaimana sedang dihadapi oleh negara-negara Barat misalnya Inggris dan Amerika Serikat. Sehubungan dengan hal di atas perlu kiranya direnungkan apa yang oleh Kusumanto pernah diutarakan dalam papernya "Homosexuality", bahwa apakah benar “people of the highest cultural standard are found to be homosexual” ? Tulisan ini saya susun berdasarkan pengalaman dengan beberapa pasien bangsa Indonesia sehubungan dengan penyimpangan psikoseksual yang sedang dialaminya.
Sebagai pendahuluan akan dikemukalan pengertian homoseksualitas itu, agar dapat dibedakan homoseksualitas sebagai tindakan (kelakuan) hubungan seks sejenis, dan homoseksualitas dajuam arti kepribadian individu yang bersangkutan memang seorang homoseks.
Kusumanto mengemukakan definisi sebagai berikut : “homosexuality can be defined as the love and sexual attraction to persons of one's own sex.”
(bersambung)
Masalah homoseksualitas itu tidak saja merupakan problem bagi individu yang bersangkutan, tetapi juga merupakan masalah sosial sebagaimana sedang dihadapi oleh negara-negara Barat misalnya Inggris dan Amerika Serikat. Sehubungan dengan hal di atas perlu kiranya direnungkan apa yang oleh Kusumanto pernah diutarakan dalam papernya "Homosexuality", bahwa apakah benar “people of the highest cultural standard are found to be homosexual” ? Tulisan ini saya susun berdasarkan pengalaman dengan beberapa pasien bangsa Indonesia sehubungan dengan penyimpangan psikoseksual yang sedang dialaminya.
Sebagai pendahuluan akan dikemukalan pengertian homoseksualitas itu, agar dapat dibedakan homoseksualitas sebagai tindakan (kelakuan) hubungan seks sejenis, dan homoseksualitas dajuam arti kepribadian individu yang bersangkutan memang seorang homoseks.
Kusumanto mengemukakan definisi sebagai berikut : “homosexuality can be defined as the love and sexual attraction to persons of one's own sex.”
(bersambung)
Stockholm syndrome
In psychology, Stockholm syndrome is a term
used to describe a paradoxical psychological
phenomenon wherein hostages express adulation
and have positive feelings towards their captors
that appear irrational in light of the danger or risk
endured by the victims.[1][2] The FBI’s Hostage
Barricade Database System shows that roughly
27% of victims show evidence of Stockholm
syndrome.[3] The syndrome is named after the
Norrmalmstorg robbery of Kreditbanken at
Norrmalmstorg in Stockholm, in which the bank
robbers held bank employees hostage from
August 23 to August 28, 1973. In this case, the
victims became emotionally attached to their
captors, and even defended them after they were
freed from their six-day ordeal. The term
"Stockholm Syndrome" was coined by the
criminologist and psychiatrist Nils Bejerot, who
assisted the police during the robbery, and
referred to the syndrome in a news broadcast.[4]
It was originally defined by psychiatrist Frank
Ochberg to aid the management of hostage
situations.[5]
Development
While there is still disagreement as to what
factors characterize incidents that contribute to
the development of Stockholm syndrome,
research has suggested that hostages may exhibit
the condition in situations that feature captors
who do not abuse the victim, a long duration
before resolution, continued contact between the
perpetrator and hostage, and a high level of
emotion. In fact, experts have concluded that the
intensity, not the length of the incident, combined
with a lot of physical abuse more likely will create
favorable conditions for the development of
Stockholm syndrome.[1]
The following are viewed as the conditions
necessary for Stockholm syndrome to occur.
Hostages who develop Stockholm syndrome
often view the perpetrator as giving life by
simply not taking it. In this sense, the captor
becomes the person in control of the captive ’s
basic needs for survival and the victim’s life
itself.[1]
The hostage endures isolation from other
people and has only the captor ’s perspective
available. Perpetrators routinely keep
information about the outside world ’s
response to their actions from captives to keep
them totally dependent.[1]
The hostage taker threatens to kill the victim
and gives the perception of having the
capability to do so. The captive judges it safer
to align with the perpetrator, endure the
hardship of captivity, and comply with the
captor than to resist and face murder.[1]
The captive sees the perpetrator as showing
some degree of kindness. Kindness serves as
the cornerstone of Stockholm syndrome; the
condition will not develop unless the captor
exhibits it in some form toward the hostage.
However, captives often misinterpret a lack of
abuse as kindness and may develop feelings of
appreciation for this perceived benevolence. If
the captor is purely evil and abusive, the
hostage will respond with hatred. But, if
perpetrators show some kindness, victims will
submerge the anger they feel in response to
the terror and concentrate on the captors’
“good side” to protect themselves.[1]
In cases where Stockholm syndrome has
occurred, the captive is in a situation where the
captor has stripped nearly all forms of
independence and gained control of the victim ’s
life, as well as basic needs for survival. Some
experts say that the hostage regresses to,
perhaps, a state of infancy; the captive must cry
for food, remain silent, and exist in an extreme
state of dependence. In contrast, the perpetrator
serves as a 'mother' figure protecting the 'child'
from a threatening outside world, including law
enforcement ’s deadly weapons. The victim then
begins a struggle for survival, both relying on
and identifying with the captor. Possibly,
hostages ’ motivation to live outweighs their
impulse to hate the person who created their
dilemma.[1][6]
In many cases, capture may also involve the
killing (or threat of killing) of the captive's relatives,
thereby isolating the captive. The captive is
subjected to isolation and so sees even a small
act, such as providing amenities, as a great
favour. Such captives may side with their captors
while believing their captors have conferred on
them great importance and love. Furthermore,
captives who perceive themselves as the only
members of their group not to have been killed
may believe that they have been shown a special
interest.[citation needed]
Psychoanalytic explanations
Stockholm syndrome is a psychological shift that
occurs in captives when they are threatened
gravely but are shown acts of kindness by their
captors. Captives who exhibit the syndrome tend
to sympathize with and think highly of their
captors. When subjected to prolonged captivity,
these captives can develop a strong bond with
their captors, in some cases including a sexual
interest.
Psychiatrist Frank Ochberg, widely credited with
Stockholm Syndrome's psychiatric definition,
describes it as "a primitive gratitude for the gift of
life," not unlike that felt by an infant.[7]
According to the psychoanalytic view of the
syndrome, this tendency might be the result of
employing the strategy evolved by newborn
babies to form an emotional attachment to the
nearest powerful adult in order to maximize the
probability that this adult will enable —at the very
least—the survival of the child, if not also prove to
be a good parental figure. This syndrome is
considered a prime example for the defense
mechanism of identification.[8]
Notable examples
Mary McElroy was kidnapped and held for
ransom in 1934 and released by her captors
unharmed. She described the incident as a
positive one and, when her captors were
apprehended and given harsh sentences
(including one death sentence), McElroy
defended them. According to reports, she
suffered from feelings of guilt concerning the
case which compromised her mental and
physical health. She took her own life in 1940.
Patty Hearst was kidnapped by the
Symbionese Liberation Army in 1974. After
two months in captivity, she actively took part
in a robbery they were orchestrating. Her
unsuccessful legal defense claimed that she
suffered from Stockholm syndrome and was
coerced into aiding the SLA. She was convicted
and imprisoned for her actions in the robbery,
though her sentence was commuted in
February 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, and
she received a Presidential pardon from
President Bill Clinton on January 20, 2001
(among his last official acts before leaving
office).
Jaycee Lee Dugard was abducted at age 11 by
Phillip & Nancy Garrido at a school bus stop in
1991 and was imprisoned at their residence for
18 years. In August 2009, Phillip brought
Nancy & Jaycee (who was living under the alias
"Alyssa") along with two girls that Garrido
fathered with Jaycee during her captivity, to be
questioned by Garrido's parole officer after he
noticed some suspicious behavior. She did not
reveal her identity when she was questioned
alone. Instead, she told investigators she was a
battered wife from Minnesota who was hiding
from her abusive husband, and described
Garrido as a "great person" who was "good
with her kids". Dugard has since admitted to
forming an emotional bond with Garrido with
great guilt and regret.[9]
Lima syndrome
An inverse of Stockholm syndrome called "Lima
syndrome" has been proposed, in which
abductors develop sympathy for their hostages.
It was named after an abduction at the Japanese
Embassy in Lima, Peru in 1996, when members
of a militant movement took hostage hundreds of
people attending a party in the official residence of
Japan's ambassador. Within a few hours, the
abductors had set free most of the hostages,
including the most valuable ones, due to
sympathy.[10][11]
In popular culture
In the "Bond movie" The World Is Not Enough,
James Bond deduces that Elektra King, the
female antagonist in the movie is affected by
Stockholm Syndrome.
The term Helsinki syndrome has been used
erroneously to describe Stockholm syndrome,
popularized by the movie Die Hard.[12]
There is a band and several albums and songs
called "Stockholm Syndrome".
The story tag of the 2010 Bollywood and
Kollywood movie, Raavan or Raavanan is
based on Stockholm Syndrome.
In the Simpsons episode "Blame it on Lisa"
Homer is kidnapped and his captors say that
he has developed Stockholm Syndrome.
In the British television series Spooks, an agent
Lucas North suffers from severe Stockholm
Syndrome; even after being repeatedly
tortured then confined alone for eight years.
In the Denzel Washington movie, John Q, his
character John Quincy Archibald takes a
hospital emergency room hostage, by the end
of the movie several hostages are rooting for
him to get a much needed heart transplant for
his son (showing signs of Stockholm
syndrome calling him "a very good man")
used to describe a paradoxical psychological
phenomenon wherein hostages express adulation
and have positive feelings towards their captors
that appear irrational in light of the danger or risk
endured by the victims.[1][2] The FBI’s Hostage
Barricade Database System shows that roughly
27% of victims show evidence of Stockholm
syndrome.[3] The syndrome is named after the
Norrmalmstorg robbery of Kreditbanken at
Norrmalmstorg in Stockholm, in which the bank
robbers held bank employees hostage from
August 23 to August 28, 1973. In this case, the
victims became emotionally attached to their
captors, and even defended them after they were
freed from their six-day ordeal. The term
"Stockholm Syndrome" was coined by the
criminologist and psychiatrist Nils Bejerot, who
assisted the police during the robbery, and
referred to the syndrome in a news broadcast.[4]
It was originally defined by psychiatrist Frank
Ochberg to aid the management of hostage
situations.[5]
Development
While there is still disagreement as to what
factors characterize incidents that contribute to
the development of Stockholm syndrome,
research has suggested that hostages may exhibit
the condition in situations that feature captors
who do not abuse the victim, a long duration
before resolution, continued contact between the
perpetrator and hostage, and a high level of
emotion. In fact, experts have concluded that the
intensity, not the length of the incident, combined
with a lot of physical abuse more likely will create
favorable conditions for the development of
Stockholm syndrome.[1]
The following are viewed as the conditions
necessary for Stockholm syndrome to occur.
Hostages who develop Stockholm syndrome
often view the perpetrator as giving life by
simply not taking it. In this sense, the captor
becomes the person in control of the captive ’s
basic needs for survival and the victim’s life
itself.[1]
The hostage endures isolation from other
people and has only the captor ’s perspective
available. Perpetrators routinely keep
information about the outside world ’s
response to their actions from captives to keep
them totally dependent.[1]
The hostage taker threatens to kill the victim
and gives the perception of having the
capability to do so. The captive judges it safer
to align with the perpetrator, endure the
hardship of captivity, and comply with the
captor than to resist and face murder.[1]
The captive sees the perpetrator as showing
some degree of kindness. Kindness serves as
the cornerstone of Stockholm syndrome; the
condition will not develop unless the captor
exhibits it in some form toward the hostage.
However, captives often misinterpret a lack of
abuse as kindness and may develop feelings of
appreciation for this perceived benevolence. If
the captor is purely evil and abusive, the
hostage will respond with hatred. But, if
perpetrators show some kindness, victims will
submerge the anger they feel in response to
the terror and concentrate on the captors’
“good side” to protect themselves.[1]
In cases where Stockholm syndrome has
occurred, the captive is in a situation where the
captor has stripped nearly all forms of
independence and gained control of the victim ’s
life, as well as basic needs for survival. Some
experts say that the hostage regresses to,
perhaps, a state of infancy; the captive must cry
for food, remain silent, and exist in an extreme
state of dependence. In contrast, the perpetrator
serves as a 'mother' figure protecting the 'child'
from a threatening outside world, including law
enforcement ’s deadly weapons. The victim then
begins a struggle for survival, both relying on
and identifying with the captor. Possibly,
hostages ’ motivation to live outweighs their
impulse to hate the person who created their
dilemma.[1][6]
In many cases, capture may also involve the
killing (or threat of killing) of the captive's relatives,
thereby isolating the captive. The captive is
subjected to isolation and so sees even a small
act, such as providing amenities, as a great
favour. Such captives may side with their captors
while believing their captors have conferred on
them great importance and love. Furthermore,
captives who perceive themselves as the only
members of their group not to have been killed
may believe that they have been shown a special
interest.[citation needed]
Psychoanalytic explanations
Stockholm syndrome is a psychological shift that
occurs in captives when they are threatened
gravely but are shown acts of kindness by their
captors. Captives who exhibit the syndrome tend
to sympathize with and think highly of their
captors. When subjected to prolonged captivity,
these captives can develop a strong bond with
their captors, in some cases including a sexual
interest.
Psychiatrist Frank Ochberg, widely credited with
Stockholm Syndrome's psychiatric definition,
describes it as "a primitive gratitude for the gift of
life," not unlike that felt by an infant.[7]
According to the psychoanalytic view of the
syndrome, this tendency might be the result of
employing the strategy evolved by newborn
babies to form an emotional attachment to the
nearest powerful adult in order to maximize the
probability that this adult will enable —at the very
least—the survival of the child, if not also prove to
be a good parental figure. This syndrome is
considered a prime example for the defense
mechanism of identification.[8]
Notable examples
Mary McElroy was kidnapped and held for
ransom in 1934 and released by her captors
unharmed. She described the incident as a
positive one and, when her captors were
apprehended and given harsh sentences
(including one death sentence), McElroy
defended them. According to reports, she
suffered from feelings of guilt concerning the
case which compromised her mental and
physical health. She took her own life in 1940.
Patty Hearst was kidnapped by the
Symbionese Liberation Army in 1974. After
two months in captivity, she actively took part
in a robbery they were orchestrating. Her
unsuccessful legal defense claimed that she
suffered from Stockholm syndrome and was
coerced into aiding the SLA. She was convicted
and imprisoned for her actions in the robbery,
though her sentence was commuted in
February 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, and
she received a Presidential pardon from
President Bill Clinton on January 20, 2001
(among his last official acts before leaving
office).
Jaycee Lee Dugard was abducted at age 11 by
Phillip & Nancy Garrido at a school bus stop in
1991 and was imprisoned at their residence for
18 years. In August 2009, Phillip brought
Nancy & Jaycee (who was living under the alias
"Alyssa") along with two girls that Garrido
fathered with Jaycee during her captivity, to be
questioned by Garrido's parole officer after he
noticed some suspicious behavior. She did not
reveal her identity when she was questioned
alone. Instead, she told investigators she was a
battered wife from Minnesota who was hiding
from her abusive husband, and described
Garrido as a "great person" who was "good
with her kids". Dugard has since admitted to
forming an emotional bond with Garrido with
great guilt and regret.[9]
Lima syndrome
An inverse of Stockholm syndrome called "Lima
syndrome" has been proposed, in which
abductors develop sympathy for their hostages.
It was named after an abduction at the Japanese
Embassy in Lima, Peru in 1996, when members
of a militant movement took hostage hundreds of
people attending a party in the official residence of
Japan's ambassador. Within a few hours, the
abductors had set free most of the hostages,
including the most valuable ones, due to
sympathy.[10][11]
In popular culture
In the "Bond movie" The World Is Not Enough,
James Bond deduces that Elektra King, the
female antagonist in the movie is affected by
Stockholm Syndrome.
The term Helsinki syndrome has been used
erroneously to describe Stockholm syndrome,
popularized by the movie Die Hard.[12]
There is a band and several albums and songs
called "Stockholm Syndrome".
The story tag of the 2010 Bollywood and
Kollywood movie, Raavan or Raavanan is
based on Stockholm Syndrome.
In the Simpsons episode "Blame it on Lisa"
Homer is kidnapped and his captors say that
he has developed Stockholm Syndrome.
In the British television series Spooks, an agent
Lucas North suffers from severe Stockholm
Syndrome; even after being repeatedly
tortured then confined alone for eight years.
In the Denzel Washington movie, John Q, his
character John Quincy Archibald takes a
hospital emergency room hostage, by the end
of the movie several hostages are rooting for
him to get a much needed heart transplant for
his son (showing signs of Stockholm
syndrome calling him "a very good man")
Saturday, August 21, 2010
History of satanic rock 7
Insofar as Satanic rock still survives, the place to
turn is Norway, now the leading source of Black
Metal and Satanic Metal and for a long time the
gangsta-rap of Norway, with a number of brutal
slayings in its midst and wake, some apparently
ritualistic. Despite this, among its devotees, the
same familiar arguments arise that one might find
in a conversation about folk music. Who is
authentic? Who is a poser? What is classic?
Again, a true Satanist will tell you that all of this is
nonsense anyway, and that none of these
musicians know what Satanism is all about, nor
would a true Satanist cheapen their faith by
littering an album with tacky pentagrams.
But then, that same Satanist will tell you, probably
with a creepy twinkle in his eye, that all music is
Satanic anyway.
turn is Norway, now the leading source of Black
Metal and Satanic Metal and for a long time the
gangsta-rap of Norway, with a number of brutal
slayings in its midst and wake, some apparently
ritualistic. Despite this, among its devotees, the
same familiar arguments arise that one might find
in a conversation about folk music. Who is
authentic? Who is a poser? What is classic?
Again, a true Satanist will tell you that all of this is
nonsense anyway, and that none of these
musicians know what Satanism is all about, nor
would a true Satanist cheapen their faith by
littering an album with tacky pentagrams.
But then, that same Satanist will tell you, probably
with a creepy twinkle in his eye, that all music is
Satanic anyway.
History of satanic rock 6
Despite the fact that almost none of these bands
ever sold as many records as a lukewarm
Captain and Tennille album, the phenomenon
was taken very seriously by the media and
churches; the 1980's weren't the 1960's. The
conservative 80's saw a bizarre anti-Satanic
grassroots wellspring, which ultimately became
one of the great witch hunts (literal) of the last
couple of hundred years. Using "recovered
memory therapy", stories of ritual satanic abuse
and sacrifice wound up circulating on TV talk
shows; if all of the accusations had been correct,
satanic ritual sacrifice was the #3 killer of
Americans in the US, ahead of homicide and just
behind cancer and heart disease. Yet, no cadre of
ritual sacrificers were found, no evidence, no
bodies.
While these accusations and the methods that
brought out these "memories" have since been
discredited (after ruining numerous lives of the
unjustly accused), they helped to illustrate what a
powerful signifier satanism is in the imaginations
of the simplest of people; as a result, satanic rock
didn't just not go away, it once again entered the
mainstream; Motley Crue had a huge seller with
Shout at The Devil. Slayer incorporated a
pentagram into their logo. The Christian rock act
Stryper became something of the anti-Satanic
metal band, tossing bibles to the audience.
The suicides of some rock listeners after listening
to albums by Judas Priest and Ozzy Osbourne
helped lend the PMRC some muscle, which
played a hand in getting their rating stickers on
CD's. During the witch-hunt years, back-masking,
the technique of recording subliminal messages
backwards on an album, gained attention. At first,
it was claimed that "Stairway to Heaven" played
backwards concealed Satanic exhortations. Then
other songs, until, perhaps as an example of how
the anti-Satanists were truly grasping at straws, it
was announced that the theme to the TV series
"Mr. Ed" also hid a Satanic message.
Naturally, some bands decided to try this
gimmick after hearing these stories. However,
psychology has never accepted backwards
masking as a way of instilling a subliminal
suggestion; brains don't process backwards
sounds very well.
Part IV: Satanism in rock today
Marilyn Manson
Today, rock audiences are a little more
sophisticated than they once were, and it takes
more to shock. Marilyn Manson was rumored to
be a minister in the Church of Satan, and persued
a shock agenda, which included his choice of
stage name. Rob Zombie is another dabbler in
luciferian imagery. However, after the Sept. 11,
2001 terrorist attacks, there seems to have been
yet another waning in Satanic concerns
(suggesting that Satanism may be the pastime of
the idle middle-class; when survival becomes an
issue, Satanism suddenly loses its allure).
ever sold as many records as a lukewarm
Captain and Tennille album, the phenomenon
was taken very seriously by the media and
churches; the 1980's weren't the 1960's. The
conservative 80's saw a bizarre anti-Satanic
grassroots wellspring, which ultimately became
one of the great witch hunts (literal) of the last
couple of hundred years. Using "recovered
memory therapy", stories of ritual satanic abuse
and sacrifice wound up circulating on TV talk
shows; if all of the accusations had been correct,
satanic ritual sacrifice was the #3 killer of
Americans in the US, ahead of homicide and just
behind cancer and heart disease. Yet, no cadre of
ritual sacrificers were found, no evidence, no
bodies.
While these accusations and the methods that
brought out these "memories" have since been
discredited (after ruining numerous lives of the
unjustly accused), they helped to illustrate what a
powerful signifier satanism is in the imaginations
of the simplest of people; as a result, satanic rock
didn't just not go away, it once again entered the
mainstream; Motley Crue had a huge seller with
Shout at The Devil. Slayer incorporated a
pentagram into their logo. The Christian rock act
Stryper became something of the anti-Satanic
metal band, tossing bibles to the audience.
The suicides of some rock listeners after listening
to albums by Judas Priest and Ozzy Osbourne
helped lend the PMRC some muscle, which
played a hand in getting their rating stickers on
CD's. During the witch-hunt years, back-masking,
the technique of recording subliminal messages
backwards on an album, gained attention. At first,
it was claimed that "Stairway to Heaven" played
backwards concealed Satanic exhortations. Then
other songs, until, perhaps as an example of how
the anti-Satanists were truly grasping at straws, it
was announced that the theme to the TV series
"Mr. Ed" also hid a Satanic message.
Naturally, some bands decided to try this
gimmick after hearing these stories. However,
psychology has never accepted backwards
masking as a way of instilling a subliminal
suggestion; brains don't process backwards
sounds very well.
Part IV: Satanism in rock today
Marilyn Manson
Today, rock audiences are a little more
sophisticated than they once were, and it takes
more to shock. Marilyn Manson was rumored to
be a minister in the Church of Satan, and persued
a shock agenda, which included his choice of
stage name. Rob Zombie is another dabbler in
luciferian imagery. However, after the Sept. 11,
2001 terrorist attacks, there seems to have been
yet another waning in Satanic concerns
(suggesting that Satanism may be the pastime of
the idle middle-class; when survival becomes an
issue, Satanism suddenly loses its allure).
History of satanic rock 5
However, in 1969, the first openly Satanic bands
began making their appearance. Perhaps first and
foremost were Black Widow, who sometimes
shared gigs with Black Sabbath. Black Widow's
1970 debut, Sacrifice, is a pro-Satanist offering
with titles like "Way To Power" "Come to the
Sabbat" "Conjuration" "Sacrifice". Not a heavy
metal band or even a hard rock band, Black
Widow's music was creepy and, in places,
corny. But it was the first attempt in rock to bring
underground Satanism to the mainstream, and
the first case of Satanism being the point of the
music, and not just one of its devices. Onstage,
they performed Satanic ritual, which included the
participation of a nude woman celebrant.
It was also around this time when Jimmy Page, a
known Crowley aficianado, supposedly convened
Led Zeppelin for a little bit of soul-trading with the
devil in an effort to assure their success, in much
the same way Robert Johnson had. While the
story is probably as apocryphal as Johnson's,
who really knows? Page eventually bought
Crowley's castle; Led Zeppelin IV (or zoso) and
"Stairway to Heaven" in particular, was hailed by
Kenneth Anger as one of the greatest Satanic
works ever. A 1974 car accident seriously injured
Robert Plant and his wife, drummer John
Bonham died in 1980. Both events were
speculated to be early paybacks for their deal.
As the 1960's wound down and the 1970's picked
up, Satanism as a movement was on the wane.
However, the success of Black Sabbath, and
heavy metal's fascinations with power, death,
and doom, meant that Satanism had forever
found a niche in rock; as long as there were
tormented teens looking for thrills, there'd be a
place for evil symbology.
Part III: The 70's and 80's
Venom
So in the 1970's and 1980's there was no
shortage of heavy metal and hard rock acts that
used Satanism either explicitly in a pro-Satanism
sense, or in an ambiguous thing-to-fear sense. A
partial roster of such bands include Angel Witch,
Venom, Pagan Altar, Widow, Witchfynde, Hell
Satan, Cloven Hoof, Warhammer, Onslaught,
Sabbat, Antichrist-Ragnarok, Cradle Of Filth,
Megiddo Bal Sagoth, December Moon, Ewigkeit,
Adorior, Hecate, Enthroned, Phantasia, Forefather,
Meads Of Asphodel, Reign Of Erebus, Thus
Defiled, Old Forest, Annal Nathrakh. Few of these
bands ever sold many records, although Venom,
which included blasphemous doggerel on the
album covers, became a favorite of severely
disaffected youth in the 80's.
began making their appearance. Perhaps first and
foremost were Black Widow, who sometimes
shared gigs with Black Sabbath. Black Widow's
1970 debut, Sacrifice, is a pro-Satanist offering
with titles like "Way To Power" "Come to the
Sabbat" "Conjuration" "Sacrifice". Not a heavy
metal band or even a hard rock band, Black
Widow's music was creepy and, in places,
corny. But it was the first attempt in rock to bring
underground Satanism to the mainstream, and
the first case of Satanism being the point of the
music, and not just one of its devices. Onstage,
they performed Satanic ritual, which included the
participation of a nude woman celebrant.
It was also around this time when Jimmy Page, a
known Crowley aficianado, supposedly convened
Led Zeppelin for a little bit of soul-trading with the
devil in an effort to assure their success, in much
the same way Robert Johnson had. While the
story is probably as apocryphal as Johnson's,
who really knows? Page eventually bought
Crowley's castle; Led Zeppelin IV (or zoso) and
"Stairway to Heaven" in particular, was hailed by
Kenneth Anger as one of the greatest Satanic
works ever. A 1974 car accident seriously injured
Robert Plant and his wife, drummer John
Bonham died in 1980. Both events were
speculated to be early paybacks for their deal.
As the 1960's wound down and the 1970's picked
up, Satanism as a movement was on the wane.
However, the success of Black Sabbath, and
heavy metal's fascinations with power, death,
and doom, meant that Satanism had forever
found a niche in rock; as long as there were
tormented teens looking for thrills, there'd be a
place for evil symbology.
Part III: The 70's and 80's
Venom
So in the 1970's and 1980's there was no
shortage of heavy metal and hard rock acts that
used Satanism either explicitly in a pro-Satanism
sense, or in an ambiguous thing-to-fear sense. A
partial roster of such bands include Angel Witch,
Venom, Pagan Altar, Widow, Witchfynde, Hell
Satan, Cloven Hoof, Warhammer, Onslaught,
Sabbat, Antichrist-Ragnarok, Cradle Of Filth,
Megiddo Bal Sagoth, December Moon, Ewigkeit,
Adorior, Hecate, Enthroned, Phantasia, Forefather,
Meads Of Asphodel, Reign Of Erebus, Thus
Defiled, Old Forest, Annal Nathrakh. Few of these
bands ever sold many records, although Venom,
which included blasphemous doggerel on the
album covers, became a favorite of severely
disaffected youth in the 80's.
History of satanic rock 4
In 1968 the Mansons were living in a house they
had pretty much overrun Beach Boy drummer
Dennis Wilson out of. The Beach Boys' "Never
Learn Not To Love" (from 20/20)was written by
Charles Manson as "Cease to Exist", a chorus the
Beach Boys changed to "cease to resist". On the
Beach Boys' album Dennis Wilson gets
songwriting credit, Manson sold his for cash. His
own version appears on his own Lie album. The
Manson Family weren't Satanists per se, but
Manson, a jailbird most of his life, had explored a
number of Satanic church/cults and was a
jailhouse psychology expert; Tex Watson
famously announced "I'm the devil, and I'm here
to do the devil's work" (a quote borrowed by Rob
Zombie in the film The Devil's Rejects) to his
victims at the Tate house.
In 1968, The Rolling Stones continued to dabble in
Satanic imagery, releasing one of their most
provocative songs ever, "Sympathy for the
Devil". Onstage, Jagger developed a devilish
persona in his manner of dress and dance that
reached full bloom during the Stones' 1969 tour.
Much of their interest in Satanism came to them
through Anita Pallenberg, who dated Brian Jones,
then Keith Richard, and finally Mick Jagger.
Also in 1968 came the release of the Roman
Polanski film Rosemary's Baby, the first explicitly
Satanic mainstream film, and one in which the
Satanists ultimately win. One of the eeriest and
most talked about films of its day, it made the
news again the following year, when Polanski's
wife Sharon Tate was among the Manson family
victims on their first spree killing. Trent Reznor
(Nine Inch Nails) lived and recorded in the Tate
house in the 90's.
1969 was a peak year for Satanic activity in the
U.S. New cults, some brutal, some benign, began
appearing in mutant profusion. Jagger finally
succeeded in invoking the Devil himself as he
presided over the Altamont festival, which was
marred by violence and a brutal killing in front of
the stage as fans and bikers clashed. The
experience clearly shocked Jagger, who almost
immediately began retreating from his devil
persona, adopting one of Village Idiot instead for
the next few years.
Back in Birmingham England, a band by the
name of Earth began playing a campy frightshow
song of Satanic possession entitled "Black
Sabbath" that caused enough of a stir that the
band renamed themselves after it. Black Sabbath,
their 1970 debut album is rife with ominous
Satanic references, from "Black Sabbath" to
"N.I.B.", songs like "The Wizard" touched on
black magic. Despite accusations from
fundamentalist Christians that persist to this day,
Black Sabbath never really was a "Satanic" band;
they never took a pro-Satanic stand in their
music. With Black Sabbath, Satan was something
fearsome and frightening, as were drugs, the
war, and life itself.
had pretty much overrun Beach Boy drummer
Dennis Wilson out of. The Beach Boys' "Never
Learn Not To Love" (from 20/20)was written by
Charles Manson as "Cease to Exist", a chorus the
Beach Boys changed to "cease to resist". On the
Beach Boys' album Dennis Wilson gets
songwriting credit, Manson sold his for cash. His
own version appears on his own Lie album. The
Manson Family weren't Satanists per se, but
Manson, a jailbird most of his life, had explored a
number of Satanic church/cults and was a
jailhouse psychology expert; Tex Watson
famously announced "I'm the devil, and I'm here
to do the devil's work" (a quote borrowed by Rob
Zombie in the film The Devil's Rejects) to his
victims at the Tate house.
In 1968, The Rolling Stones continued to dabble in
Satanic imagery, releasing one of their most
provocative songs ever, "Sympathy for the
Devil". Onstage, Jagger developed a devilish
persona in his manner of dress and dance that
reached full bloom during the Stones' 1969 tour.
Much of their interest in Satanism came to them
through Anita Pallenberg, who dated Brian Jones,
then Keith Richard, and finally Mick Jagger.
Also in 1968 came the release of the Roman
Polanski film Rosemary's Baby, the first explicitly
Satanic mainstream film, and one in which the
Satanists ultimately win. One of the eeriest and
most talked about films of its day, it made the
news again the following year, when Polanski's
wife Sharon Tate was among the Manson family
victims on their first spree killing. Trent Reznor
(Nine Inch Nails) lived and recorded in the Tate
house in the 90's.
1969 was a peak year for Satanic activity in the
U.S. New cults, some brutal, some benign, began
appearing in mutant profusion. Jagger finally
succeeded in invoking the Devil himself as he
presided over the Altamont festival, which was
marred by violence and a brutal killing in front of
the stage as fans and bikers clashed. The
experience clearly shocked Jagger, who almost
immediately began retreating from his devil
persona, adopting one of Village Idiot instead for
the next few years.
Back in Birmingham England, a band by the
name of Earth began playing a campy frightshow
song of Satanic possession entitled "Black
Sabbath" that caused enough of a stir that the
band renamed themselves after it. Black Sabbath,
their 1970 debut album is rife with ominous
Satanic references, from "Black Sabbath" to
"N.I.B.", songs like "The Wizard" touched on
black magic. Despite accusations from
fundamentalist Christians that persist to this day,
Black Sabbath never really was a "Satanic" band;
they never took a pro-Satanic stand in their
music. With Black Sabbath, Satan was something
fearsome and frightening, as were drugs, the
war, and life itself.
History of satanic rock 3
The counterculture was a polymorphus thing; it
branched off into many avenues; it never was a
single shared thing except as a huge
demographic, but rather thousands of vaguely
anti-establishment pastimes to hardcore
radicalism to weird drug scenes to a proliferation
of cults. Many in the counterculture were political,
as the anti-war and pro-civil rights movements
gathered steam. Some were holistic, or
environmental, or mind-and-body related. Young
people began exploring new realms of
spiritualism. Some were drawn to Eastern
religions like Buddhism and Krishna. Others were
drawn to other disciplines like yoga. And still
others developed a new-age curiousity about
astrology, ESP, and ultimately, Satanism.
The time was ripe; Satanism had become cool. In
1966, one Anton LaVey established the 'official'
Church of Satan, based on his book "The Satanic
Bible". In the nutshell, LaVey promoted a lifestyle
of self-indulgance; desires were meant to be
fulfilled. He favored rituals that involved bodily
fluids which were deemed sacred; as a result,
some looked upon his church as some kind of
sex cult. He didn't refer to the devil in the Christian
sense, rather, he saw Satanism as a means of
harnassing supernatural energy that circulates in
the ambient universe. For a brief spell, he
attracted trendy followers to his church, among
them wannabee starlets and musicians and the
like.
It was during the psychedelic-satanic 60's that
rock music first began to explicitly reference
modern Satanic imagery and references.
Sgt. Pepper and Crowley
So in 1967, the Beatles, who were almost
universally considered "good", included a picture
of the British-born father of the modern Satanic
movement, Aleister Crowley, among the
collected faces on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's
Lonely Hearts Club Band, perhaps the very first
nod to Satanism in rock. The same year, the
Rolling Stones released Their Satanic Majesty's
Request, which was delayed for release until the
title was changed from Her Satanic Majesty's
Request.
Also in 1967, Kenneth Anger, a former
Hollywood child actor and underground
filmmaker, who had involvement with the
Process Church, another Satanic group that
apparently included Charles Manson among its
part-time members for a brief spell, filmed Lucifer
Rising, a 40-minute movie with psychedelic
trappings that was based on Satanic ritual, and
starred a young actor and musician named
Bobby Beausoleil who also recorded the score.
Beausoleil, who had briefly been a member of an
early lineup of the band Love, would become one
of Charles Manson's first male followers; he's still
serving time for the bizarre 1969 murder of Gary
Hinman.
branched off into many avenues; it never was a
single shared thing except as a huge
demographic, but rather thousands of vaguely
anti-establishment pastimes to hardcore
radicalism to weird drug scenes to a proliferation
of cults. Many in the counterculture were political,
as the anti-war and pro-civil rights movements
gathered steam. Some were holistic, or
environmental, or mind-and-body related. Young
people began exploring new realms of
spiritualism. Some were drawn to Eastern
religions like Buddhism and Krishna. Others were
drawn to other disciplines like yoga. And still
others developed a new-age curiousity about
astrology, ESP, and ultimately, Satanism.
The time was ripe; Satanism had become cool. In
1966, one Anton LaVey established the 'official'
Church of Satan, based on his book "The Satanic
Bible". In the nutshell, LaVey promoted a lifestyle
of self-indulgance; desires were meant to be
fulfilled. He favored rituals that involved bodily
fluids which were deemed sacred; as a result,
some looked upon his church as some kind of
sex cult. He didn't refer to the devil in the Christian
sense, rather, he saw Satanism as a means of
harnassing supernatural energy that circulates in
the ambient universe. For a brief spell, he
attracted trendy followers to his church, among
them wannabee starlets and musicians and the
like.
It was during the psychedelic-satanic 60's that
rock music first began to explicitly reference
modern Satanic imagery and references.
Sgt. Pepper and Crowley
So in 1967, the Beatles, who were almost
universally considered "good", included a picture
of the British-born father of the modern Satanic
movement, Aleister Crowley, among the
collected faces on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's
Lonely Hearts Club Band, perhaps the very first
nod to Satanism in rock. The same year, the
Rolling Stones released Their Satanic Majesty's
Request, which was delayed for release until the
title was changed from Her Satanic Majesty's
Request.
Also in 1967, Kenneth Anger, a former
Hollywood child actor and underground
filmmaker, who had involvement with the
Process Church, another Satanic group that
apparently included Charles Manson among its
part-time members for a brief spell, filmed Lucifer
Rising, a 40-minute movie with psychedelic
trappings that was based on Satanic ritual, and
starred a young actor and musician named
Bobby Beausoleil who also recorded the score.
Beausoleil, who had briefly been a member of an
early lineup of the band Love, would become one
of Charles Manson's first male followers; he's still
serving time for the bizarre 1969 murder of Gary
Hinman.
History of satanic rock part 2
Fearing the devil, the townspeople buried him in
an unmarked grave.
Johnson's recorded legacy supposedly refers to
his deal with the devil in "Crossroads Blues", "Me
and the Devil Blues" and "Hellhounds On My
Trail".
A more likely explanation for Johnson's
tremendous guitar prowess was probably a
magical ritual known as "practice" as well as help
from a guitar tutor, one Ike Zinneman (an
unrecorded bluesman known for practicing in the
local cemetery, sitting on gravestones). But the
sold his soul legend persists to this day.
Part II: The Satanic 60's
Jagger at Altamont, 1969
When rock 'n' roll appeared in the 1950's, and its
effect on teens became known, it was only
natural that it would be derided as the Devil's
music as well. It was also attacked as decadent,
dangerous, immoral, obscene, and even part of a
Communist think tank's psych-op assault on the
West. Rock music was one of the first cultural
movements in America that was somewhat
colorblind as well; white musicians covered black
songwriters, black musicians covered white
ones. White kids bought records by black
musicians, which alarmed fundamentalist,
segregationist elements in society. Many forces
aligned in the late 50's to end the menace before it
could get out of hand. So Elvis was drafted,
Chuck Berry arrested, Jerry Lee Lewis blackballed.
Eddie Cochrane and Buddy Holly were killed in
accidents, Little Richard became a preacher. By
the early 60's, rock was, for all intents and
purposes, dead. Gone with it were the hip
shaking, dancing, shaking, and partying the Devil
commanded.
It was a short-lived victory for the legions of
decency. The Beatles rolled into town in 1964,
and worse, so did the Rolling Stones and
Animals. The British Invasion was also greeted
with accusations of communist plot and devil's
music, but it was too big to stop. Also too big
was the demographic who listened to it, the first
Baby Boomers to reach adulthood. The
enormous demographic swing of the 1960's saw
an unprecedented number of young people reach
prime record buying age.
The 60's were a time of reckless experimentation
and fads. Drugs became a significant component
of white suburban life for the very first time, as
youth experimented with pot and LSD. The drug
experience, coupled with a new political
awareness thanks largely to the Vietnam War and
the Civil Rights movement, helped create a new
underground youth movement, which popularly
came to be known as the counterculture, egged
on by the Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out and Never
Trust Anyone Over Thirty philosophies of the
day.
an unmarked grave.
Johnson's recorded legacy supposedly refers to
his deal with the devil in "Crossroads Blues", "Me
and the Devil Blues" and "Hellhounds On My
Trail".
A more likely explanation for Johnson's
tremendous guitar prowess was probably a
magical ritual known as "practice" as well as help
from a guitar tutor, one Ike Zinneman (an
unrecorded bluesman known for practicing in the
local cemetery, sitting on gravestones). But the
sold his soul legend persists to this day.
Part II: The Satanic 60's
Jagger at Altamont, 1969
When rock 'n' roll appeared in the 1950's, and its
effect on teens became known, it was only
natural that it would be derided as the Devil's
music as well. It was also attacked as decadent,
dangerous, immoral, obscene, and even part of a
Communist think tank's psych-op assault on the
West. Rock music was one of the first cultural
movements in America that was somewhat
colorblind as well; white musicians covered black
songwriters, black musicians covered white
ones. White kids bought records by black
musicians, which alarmed fundamentalist,
segregationist elements in society. Many forces
aligned in the late 50's to end the menace before it
could get out of hand. So Elvis was drafted,
Chuck Berry arrested, Jerry Lee Lewis blackballed.
Eddie Cochrane and Buddy Holly were killed in
accidents, Little Richard became a preacher. By
the early 60's, rock was, for all intents and
purposes, dead. Gone with it were the hip
shaking, dancing, shaking, and partying the Devil
commanded.
It was a short-lived victory for the legions of
decency. The Beatles rolled into town in 1964,
and worse, so did the Rolling Stones and
Animals. The British Invasion was also greeted
with accusations of communist plot and devil's
music, but it was too big to stop. Also too big
was the demographic who listened to it, the first
Baby Boomers to reach adulthood. The
enormous demographic swing of the 1960's saw
an unprecedented number of young people reach
prime record buying age.
The 60's were a time of reckless experimentation
and fads. Drugs became a significant component
of white suburban life for the very first time, as
youth experimented with pot and LSD. The drug
experience, coupled with a new political
awareness thanks largely to the Vietnam War and
the Civil Rights movement, helped create a new
underground youth movement, which popularly
came to be known as the counterculture, egged
on by the Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out and Never
Trust Anyone Over Thirty philosophies of the
day.
A brief history about satanic rock part 1
The first thing you need to know is that a true
Satanist will tell you that any group that puts
Satanic imagery on their album covers or in the
music is bogus. Every single one.
The other thing you need to know is that a true
Satanist will also tell you that all music is Satanic,
every single note.
Consequently, an article on Satanic rock is a tricky
proposition insofar as none of it is real; explicitly
Satanic rock like Venom is really no more Satanic
than The Carpenters. And the Carpenters are just
as Satanic as Venom.
However, there is a history to the appearance of
Satanic imagery and references in rock music. So
consider this an attempt to organize that history a
little.
Part I: The Blues
Robert Johnson
The Blues has always been the Devil's music.
Music that glorified drinking, womanizing,
gambling, dope, violence, and depravity, blues
was an easy target for ministers and pastors of
the South, who countered with sermons
forbidding the congregation to listen to it. Many
god-fearing churchgoers heeded this message,
establishing Gospel as the safer alternative. Even
some bluesmen were convinced; legendary blues
picker Gary Davis usually refused to play blues
after he was ordained as a reverend in 1937.
Ultimately, he relented just before his death and
recorded a historic session of blues (secular and
gospel) in 1971. He died soon after.
One of the most pervasive legends surrounding
the blues is that of legendary delta guitarist Robert
Johnson, often considered the first bluesman in
the chain that ultimately pointed towards the
development of rock 'n' roll. Johnson was an
acoustic player of the 1930's who died under
mysterious circumstances in 1938.
The legend went that Johnson, not blessed with
guitar talent when he first began playing
professionally, yearned for overnight success that
would put him in league with the other guitarists
on the circuit. One night, he heard a voice that
told him to visit the crossroads by Dockery's
plantation at midnight. There, he was met by a
large black man who apparently was the devil in
disguise. The big man took the guitar from
Johnson, tuned it, and returned it to him.
Johnson's improvement on his instrument was
swift and amazing (although historically, it took
him about a year to become great). He earned the
instant recognition of big name guitarists like Son
House, who championed his cause. However,
Johnson was tormented in his dreams by visions
of the devil, and hellhounds on his trail. In his
waking hours, Johnson played the role of
bluesman hero, chasing women, drinking,
behaving arrogantly. In 1938, during a show, he
was poisoned (possibly by a jealous husband of
a woman he had been putting moves on). The
poison had him foaming at the mouth and talking
babble, he died within days. His last words were
"I pray that my redeemer will come and take me
from my grave."
Satanist will tell you that any group that puts
Satanic imagery on their album covers or in the
music is bogus. Every single one.
The other thing you need to know is that a true
Satanist will also tell you that all music is Satanic,
every single note.
Consequently, an article on Satanic rock is a tricky
proposition insofar as none of it is real; explicitly
Satanic rock like Venom is really no more Satanic
than The Carpenters. And the Carpenters are just
as Satanic as Venom.
However, there is a history to the appearance of
Satanic imagery and references in rock music. So
consider this an attempt to organize that history a
little.
Part I: The Blues
Robert Johnson
The Blues has always been the Devil's music.
Music that glorified drinking, womanizing,
gambling, dope, violence, and depravity, blues
was an easy target for ministers and pastors of
the South, who countered with sermons
forbidding the congregation to listen to it. Many
god-fearing churchgoers heeded this message,
establishing Gospel as the safer alternative. Even
some bluesmen were convinced; legendary blues
picker Gary Davis usually refused to play blues
after he was ordained as a reverend in 1937.
Ultimately, he relented just before his death and
recorded a historic session of blues (secular and
gospel) in 1971. He died soon after.
One of the most pervasive legends surrounding
the blues is that of legendary delta guitarist Robert
Johnson, often considered the first bluesman in
the chain that ultimately pointed towards the
development of rock 'n' roll. Johnson was an
acoustic player of the 1930's who died under
mysterious circumstances in 1938.
The legend went that Johnson, not blessed with
guitar talent when he first began playing
professionally, yearned for overnight success that
would put him in league with the other guitarists
on the circuit. One night, he heard a voice that
told him to visit the crossroads by Dockery's
plantation at midnight. There, he was met by a
large black man who apparently was the devil in
disguise. The big man took the guitar from
Johnson, tuned it, and returned it to him.
Johnson's improvement on his instrument was
swift and amazing (although historically, it took
him about a year to become great). He earned the
instant recognition of big name guitarists like Son
House, who championed his cause. However,
Johnson was tormented in his dreams by visions
of the devil, and hellhounds on his trail. In his
waking hours, Johnson played the role of
bluesman hero, chasing women, drinking,
behaving arrogantly. In 1938, during a show, he
was poisoned (possibly by a jealous husband of
a woman he had been putting moves on). The
poison had him foaming at the mouth and talking
babble, he died within days. His last words were
"I pray that my redeemer will come and take me
from my grave."
Some extra info about : Modification
Car tuning is both an industry and a
hobby, in which an automobile, motor
bike, scooter or moped is modified in
order to improve its performance,
handling and presentation and
improve the owner's driving style. As
most vehicles leave the factory set up
for average driver expectations and
average conditions, tuning has become
a way to personalize the
characteristics of the vehicle to the
owner's preference. For example, they
may be altered to provide better fuel
economy, produce more power at high
RPM or the ride comfort may be
sacrificed to provide better handling.
Car tuning is related to auto racing,
although most performance cars never
compete. Rather they are built for the
pleasure of owning and driving such a
vehicle. Another major facet of tuning
includes performance modification to
the car exterior. This includes changing
the aerodynamic characteristics of the
vehicle via side skirts, front and rear
bumpers, adding spoilers, splitters, air
vents and light weight wheels.
Areas of modification
Audio
Is a term used to describe the sound
or video system fitted in the vehicle. A
stock audio system refers to one that
was specified by the manufacturer
when the vehicle was built. A custom
audio installation can involve anything
from the upgrade of the radio to a full-
blown customization based around the
audio equipment. Events are held
where entrants compete for the
loudest, highest quality reception or
most innovative sound systems.
Interior tuning
Interior tuning is a term used for
modifying of the interior of a car. for
example; removing the back seats to
make room for a sound system, or
taking out the front seats and
replacing them with racing seats -
commonly known as bucket seats.
Another recent form of interior tuning
is the replacement of the OEM Shift
Knob with an aftermarket version such
as a weighted shift knob for cosmetic
and/or for performance purposes.
Engine tuning
Main article: Engine tuning
Engine tuning as of lately has been
marketed as the replacement of basic
engine components with aftermarket
versions that perform the same
functions as those replaced while
promising an increase in power output.
Car tuners usually install new
turbochargers, modify the car's engine
cooling unit, and replace the air filters;
but they could also install a more
powerful engine on the cars they
modify.
For example a tuner could modify the
engine control unit to gain more
power. Another example is the
modification and/or replacement of the
OEM manual transmission stick shift
(also known as a gear stick) with an
optimized aftermarket design known
as a short shifter. For further "fine"
tuning, the driver could fit a Weighted
Gear Knob.
Suspension tuning
Suspension tuning involves modifying
the springs, shock absorbers,
swaybars, and other related
components of a vehicle. Shorter
springs offer greater stiffness, a lower
center of gravity, and a lowered look.
Stiffer shock absorbers improve the
dynamic weight shifting during
cornering and normally have shorter
internals to stop them from bottoming
out when shorter springs are used.
Stiffer sway bars reduce body roll
during cornering, thus improving the
grip that the inside tires have on the
surface; this improves handling
response. Other components that are
sometimes added are strut bars, which
improve the body stiffness and help
better maintain the proper suspension
geometry during cornering. On some
cars certain braces, anti-roll bars, etc.,
can be retrofitted to lower-spec cars
from sports models.
For offroad vehicles, the emphasis is
on lengthening the suspension travel
and larger tires to increase ground
clearance.
Lowriders with hydraulic/pneumatic
suspensions use another unique kind of
suspension tuning in which the height
of each individual wheel can be rapidly
adjusted by system of rams, even to
the extent that it is possible to
"bounce" the wheels completely clear
of the ground.
Body tuning
Body tuning involves adding or
modifying spoilers and a body kit.
Sometimes this is done to improve the
aerodynamic performance of a vehicle,
as in the case of some wings or
bumper canards, or, to lighten the
vehicle through replacing bodywork
components such as hoods and rear
view mirrors with components made
from lighter composites such as CFRP.
Cornering speeds and adhesion can be
improved through the generation of
downforce.
More often however, these
modifications are done mainly to
improve a vehicle's appearance, as in
the case of non-functioning scoops,
spoilers, wide arches or any aesthetic
modification which offers no benefit to
performance. Very rarely does an after
market spoiler or body kit improve
performance, the majority add weight
and increase the drag coefficient of the
vehicle and thus reduce its overall
performance.
Increasing the wheel track width
through spacers and wide body kits
enhance the cars cornering ability.
Lowering the center of gravity is
another aim of body tuning dealt with
via suspension modifications. However,
similar to the addition of non-
functioning body kits and spoilers,
oftentimes suspension tuners
unfamiliar with spring dynamics will cut
stock springs, producing a soft, bouncy
ride. It is also common to lower the
car too far, past the optimal center of
gravity, purely for appearance.
Detuning
Detuning involves returning a modified
car to its original factory status. It is
akin to automotive restoration. The
term detuning can also refer to the
reduction or decrease of performance
in a particular area of tuning. An
example of this could be where the
engine is "detuned" to allow increased
traction on a day where the track grip
is not sufficient to handle the increased
power of the tuned engine.
Terms
"Streeted" or "Tuner Cars" are
Japanese vehicles, such as a Honda
Integra DC5, Toyota Supra, Nissan
Skyline, Mazda RX-7, Subaru Impreza,
and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution
series. These cars are most commonly
modified with the more expensive
mods available. The most popular
modifications include suspension
upgrades, exhaust systems, and
turbos.
Legal requirements
Many countries have legal
requirements in regard to what car
owners can and can't do in relation to
vehicle modifications. For example, all
vehicles in Victoria, Australia, must
conform to construction standards to
ensure vehicles provide drivers and
passengers with a maximum level of
safety.[1] There are also restrictions
for P Plate drivers which can prevent
young drivers from driving modified
vehicles.[2]
In the United Kingdom and the
Netherlands it is illegal for any car to
have blue lights as they are used by
the emergency vehicles.
In Scotland and Denmark, it is illegal
for any car to have neon underlights
on a car as it distracts other drivers.
In the Netherlands neon is allowed
under the car but only when the car is
on display, if the car is on a public road
the lights have to be switched off.
Many police officers in the U.K are
unsure on the exact legislation with
regards to under body neons. Most say
as long as the bulb is not visible itself
then this is legal.
Recently, Belgium issued a new law
which describes that bodykit parts
need to be approved for safety issues.
Sanctioning organizations
Many organizations involved in
competitive motorsports establish
safety guidelines that far exceed legal
requirements placed on civilian street
legal vehicles. The NHRA, IHRA and
SOLO programs all require that
vehicles pass inspection to ensure that
all regulations are being complied with.
hobby, in which an automobile, motor
bike, scooter or moped is modified in
order to improve its performance,
handling and presentation and
improve the owner's driving style. As
most vehicles leave the factory set up
for average driver expectations and
average conditions, tuning has become
a way to personalize the
characteristics of the vehicle to the
owner's preference. For example, they
may be altered to provide better fuel
economy, produce more power at high
RPM or the ride comfort may be
sacrificed to provide better handling.
Car tuning is related to auto racing,
although most performance cars never
compete. Rather they are built for the
pleasure of owning and driving such a
vehicle. Another major facet of tuning
includes performance modification to
the car exterior. This includes changing
the aerodynamic characteristics of the
vehicle via side skirts, front and rear
bumpers, adding spoilers, splitters, air
vents and light weight wheels.
Areas of modification
Audio
Is a term used to describe the sound
or video system fitted in the vehicle. A
stock audio system refers to one that
was specified by the manufacturer
when the vehicle was built. A custom
audio installation can involve anything
from the upgrade of the radio to a full-
blown customization based around the
audio equipment. Events are held
where entrants compete for the
loudest, highest quality reception or
most innovative sound systems.
Interior tuning
Interior tuning is a term used for
modifying of the interior of a car. for
example; removing the back seats to
make room for a sound system, or
taking out the front seats and
replacing them with racing seats -
commonly known as bucket seats.
Another recent form of interior tuning
is the replacement of the OEM Shift
Knob with an aftermarket version such
as a weighted shift knob for cosmetic
and/or for performance purposes.
Engine tuning
Main article: Engine tuning
Engine tuning as of lately has been
marketed as the replacement of basic
engine components with aftermarket
versions that perform the same
functions as those replaced while
promising an increase in power output.
Car tuners usually install new
turbochargers, modify the car's engine
cooling unit, and replace the air filters;
but they could also install a more
powerful engine on the cars they
modify.
For example a tuner could modify the
engine control unit to gain more
power. Another example is the
modification and/or replacement of the
OEM manual transmission stick shift
(also known as a gear stick) with an
optimized aftermarket design known
as a short shifter. For further "fine"
tuning, the driver could fit a Weighted
Gear Knob.
Suspension tuning
Suspension tuning involves modifying
the springs, shock absorbers,
swaybars, and other related
components of a vehicle. Shorter
springs offer greater stiffness, a lower
center of gravity, and a lowered look.
Stiffer shock absorbers improve the
dynamic weight shifting during
cornering and normally have shorter
internals to stop them from bottoming
out when shorter springs are used.
Stiffer sway bars reduce body roll
during cornering, thus improving the
grip that the inside tires have on the
surface; this improves handling
response. Other components that are
sometimes added are strut bars, which
improve the body stiffness and help
better maintain the proper suspension
geometry during cornering. On some
cars certain braces, anti-roll bars, etc.,
can be retrofitted to lower-spec cars
from sports models.
For offroad vehicles, the emphasis is
on lengthening the suspension travel
and larger tires to increase ground
clearance.
Lowriders with hydraulic/pneumatic
suspensions use another unique kind of
suspension tuning in which the height
of each individual wheel can be rapidly
adjusted by system of rams, even to
the extent that it is possible to
"bounce" the wheels completely clear
of the ground.
Body tuning
Body tuning involves adding or
modifying spoilers and a body kit.
Sometimes this is done to improve the
aerodynamic performance of a vehicle,
as in the case of some wings or
bumper canards, or, to lighten the
vehicle through replacing bodywork
components such as hoods and rear
view mirrors with components made
from lighter composites such as CFRP.
Cornering speeds and adhesion can be
improved through the generation of
downforce.
More often however, these
modifications are done mainly to
improve a vehicle's appearance, as in
the case of non-functioning scoops,
spoilers, wide arches or any aesthetic
modification which offers no benefit to
performance. Very rarely does an after
market spoiler or body kit improve
performance, the majority add weight
and increase the drag coefficient of the
vehicle and thus reduce its overall
performance.
Increasing the wheel track width
through spacers and wide body kits
enhance the cars cornering ability.
Lowering the center of gravity is
another aim of body tuning dealt with
via suspension modifications. However,
similar to the addition of non-
functioning body kits and spoilers,
oftentimes suspension tuners
unfamiliar with spring dynamics will cut
stock springs, producing a soft, bouncy
ride. It is also common to lower the
car too far, past the optimal center of
gravity, purely for appearance.
Detuning
Detuning involves returning a modified
car to its original factory status. It is
akin to automotive restoration. The
term detuning can also refer to the
reduction or decrease of performance
in a particular area of tuning. An
example of this could be where the
engine is "detuned" to allow increased
traction on a day where the track grip
is not sufficient to handle the increased
power of the tuned engine.
Terms
"Streeted" or "Tuner Cars" are
Japanese vehicles, such as a Honda
Integra DC5, Toyota Supra, Nissan
Skyline, Mazda RX-7, Subaru Impreza,
and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution
series. These cars are most commonly
modified with the more expensive
mods available. The most popular
modifications include suspension
upgrades, exhaust systems, and
turbos.
Legal requirements
Many countries have legal
requirements in regard to what car
owners can and can't do in relation to
vehicle modifications. For example, all
vehicles in Victoria, Australia, must
conform to construction standards to
ensure vehicles provide drivers and
passengers with a maximum level of
safety.[1] There are also restrictions
for P Plate drivers which can prevent
young drivers from driving modified
vehicles.[2]
In the United Kingdom and the
Netherlands it is illegal for any car to
have blue lights as they are used by
the emergency vehicles.
In Scotland and Denmark, it is illegal
for any car to have neon underlights
on a car as it distracts other drivers.
In the Netherlands neon is allowed
under the car but only when the car is
on display, if the car is on a public road
the lights have to be switched off.
Many police officers in the U.K are
unsure on the exact legislation with
regards to under body neons. Most say
as long as the bulb is not visible itself
then this is legal.
Recently, Belgium issued a new law
which describes that bodykit parts
need to be approved for safety issues.
Sanctioning organizations
Many organizations involved in
competitive motorsports establish
safety guidelines that far exceed legal
requirements placed on civilian street
legal vehicles. The NHRA, IHRA and
SOLO programs all require that
vehicles pass inspection to ensure that
all regulations are being complied with.
Some extra info about : SARANGI
The word sarangi is derived from two Hindi
words: sau (meaning "hundred") and rang
(meaning "colour"). This is because the sound of
the sarangi is said to be as expressive and
evocative as a hundred colours. Its origins are
unknown, however most people believe that it
became a mainstream instrument in the mid 18th
Century. Notoriously difficult to play and tune, the
sarangi has traditionally been used primarily for
accompanying singers (shadowing the vocalist's
improvisations),in recent times it has become
recognised as a solo instrument by the efforts of
Ram Narayan and Sabri Khan. Other current
celebrated performers include Sultan Khan, Kamal
Sabri, Dhruba Ghosh and Aruna Narayan Kalle,
while eminent maestros of the past have included
Bundu Khan, Nathu Khan, Sagiruddin Khan, Gopal
Mishra and Shakoor Khan.
The repertoire of sarangi players is traditionally
very closely related to vocal music. Nevertheless,
a concert with a solo sarangi as the main item will
probably include a full-scale raga presentation
with an extensive alap (the unmeasured
improvisatory development of the raga) in
increasing intensity (alap-jor-jhala) and several
compositions in increasing tempi. As such, it is
on a par with other instrumental styles such as
for sitar, sarod, and bansuri. This full-fledged raga
development has its roots in the Dhrupad style of
raga presentation.
Sarangi music is often vocal music. It is rare to
find a sarangi player who does not know the
words of many classical compositions. The
words are usually mentally present during
performance, and performance almost always
adheres to the conventions of vocal performance
including the organisational structure, the types of
elaboration, the tempo, the relationship between
sound and silence, and the presentation of khyal
and thumri compositions. The vocal quality of
sarangi is in a quite separate category from, for
instance, the so-called gayaki-ang of sitar which
attempts to imitate the nuances of khyal while
overall conforming to the structures and usually
keeping to the gat compositions of instrumental
music. (A gat is a composition set to a cyclic
rhythm.)
The sarangi is also a traditional stringed musical
instrument of Nepal, commonly played by the
Gaine or Gandarbha ethnic group.
Structure
A lying sarangi
Carved from a single block of wood, the sarangi
has a box-like shape, usually around two feet
long and around half a foot wide. The lower
resonance chamber is made from a hollowed-out
block of tun ( red cedar) wood and covered with
parchment and a decorated strip of leather at the
waist which supports the elephant-shaped
bridge. The bridge in turn supports the huge
pressure of approximately 40 strings. Three of
the strings – the comparatively thick, tight and
short ones – are bowed with a heavy horsehair
bow and "stopped" not with the finger-tips but
with the nails, cuticles and surrounding flesh
(talcum powder is applied to the fingers as a
lubricant). The remaining strings are resonance
strings or tarabs (see: sympathetic strings),
numbering up to around 35, divided into 4
different "choirs". On the lowest level are a
diatonic row of 9 tarabs and a chromatic row of
15 tarabs, each encompassing a full octave plus
1–3 extra notes above or below. Between these
lower tarabs and the main playing strings lie two
more sets of longer tarabs, which pass over a
small flat ivory bridge at the top of the
instrument. These are tuned to the important
tones ( swaras) of the raga. A properly tuned
sarangi will hum and buzz like a bee-hive, with
tones played on any of the main strings eliciting
echo-like resonances. A few sarangis have strings
made of Goat's intestine,these were used in olden
days by rich musicians.
words: sau (meaning "hundred") and rang
(meaning "colour"). This is because the sound of
the sarangi is said to be as expressive and
evocative as a hundred colours. Its origins are
unknown, however most people believe that it
became a mainstream instrument in the mid 18th
Century. Notoriously difficult to play and tune, the
sarangi has traditionally been used primarily for
accompanying singers (shadowing the vocalist's
improvisations),in recent times it has become
recognised as a solo instrument by the efforts of
Ram Narayan and Sabri Khan. Other current
celebrated performers include Sultan Khan, Kamal
Sabri, Dhruba Ghosh and Aruna Narayan Kalle,
while eminent maestros of the past have included
Bundu Khan, Nathu Khan, Sagiruddin Khan, Gopal
Mishra and Shakoor Khan.
The repertoire of sarangi players is traditionally
very closely related to vocal music. Nevertheless,
a concert with a solo sarangi as the main item will
probably include a full-scale raga presentation
with an extensive alap (the unmeasured
improvisatory development of the raga) in
increasing intensity (alap-jor-jhala) and several
compositions in increasing tempi. As such, it is
on a par with other instrumental styles such as
for sitar, sarod, and bansuri. This full-fledged raga
development has its roots in the Dhrupad style of
raga presentation.
Sarangi music is often vocal music. It is rare to
find a sarangi player who does not know the
words of many classical compositions. The
words are usually mentally present during
performance, and performance almost always
adheres to the conventions of vocal performance
including the organisational structure, the types of
elaboration, the tempo, the relationship between
sound and silence, and the presentation of khyal
and thumri compositions. The vocal quality of
sarangi is in a quite separate category from, for
instance, the so-called gayaki-ang of sitar which
attempts to imitate the nuances of khyal while
overall conforming to the structures and usually
keeping to the gat compositions of instrumental
music. (A gat is a composition set to a cyclic
rhythm.)
The sarangi is also a traditional stringed musical
instrument of Nepal, commonly played by the
Gaine or Gandarbha ethnic group.
Structure
A lying sarangi
Carved from a single block of wood, the sarangi
has a box-like shape, usually around two feet
long and around half a foot wide. The lower
resonance chamber is made from a hollowed-out
block of tun ( red cedar) wood and covered with
parchment and a decorated strip of leather at the
waist which supports the elephant-shaped
bridge. The bridge in turn supports the huge
pressure of approximately 40 strings. Three of
the strings – the comparatively thick, tight and
short ones – are bowed with a heavy horsehair
bow and "stopped" not with the finger-tips but
with the nails, cuticles and surrounding flesh
(talcum powder is applied to the fingers as a
lubricant). The remaining strings are resonance
strings or tarabs (see: sympathetic strings),
numbering up to around 35, divided into 4
different "choirs". On the lowest level are a
diatonic row of 9 tarabs and a chromatic row of
15 tarabs, each encompassing a full octave plus
1–3 extra notes above or below. Between these
lower tarabs and the main playing strings lie two
more sets of longer tarabs, which pass over a
small flat ivory bridge at the top of the
instrument. These are tuned to the important
tones ( swaras) of the raga. A properly tuned
sarangi will hum and buzz like a bee-hive, with
tones played on any of the main strings eliciting
echo-like resonances. A few sarangis have strings
made of Goat's intestine,these were used in olden
days by rich musicians.
AIDS Dementia Complex
AIDS dementia complex (ADC; also known as
HIV dementia, HIV encephalopathy and HIV-
associated dementia) is a common neurological
disorder associated with HIV infection and AIDS.
It is a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV
infection and fueled by immune activation of
brain macrophages and microglia.These cells are
actively infected with HIV and secrete neurotoxins
of both host and viral origin. The essential
features of ADC are disabling cognitive
impairment accompanied by motor dysfunction,
speech problems and behavioral change.
Cognitive impairment is characterised by mental
slowness, trouble with memory and poor
concentration. Motor symptoms include a loss of
fine motor control leading to clumsiness, poor
balance and tremors. Behavioral changes may
include apathy, lethargy and diminished
emotional responses and spontaneity.
Histopathologically, it is identified by the infiltration
of monocytes and macrophages into the central
nervous system (CNS), gliosis, pallor of myelin
sheaths, abnormalities of dendritic processes and
neuronal apoptosis.
ADC typically occurs after years of HIV infection
and is associated with low CD4+ T cell levels and
high plasma viral loads. It is sometimes seen as
the first sign of the onset of AIDS. Prevalence is
between 10-20% in Western countries and has
only been seen in 1-2% of India based infections.
This may have to do with differences in diets,
such as consumption of curcumin (in curry) and
EGCG or Theaflavins (in teas), both which can
pass the blood brain barrier and have
neuroprotective effects.With the advent of highly
active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the
frequency of ADC has declined in developed
countries. HAART may not only prevent or delay
the onset of ADC in people with HIV infection, it
can also improve mental function in people who
already have ADC.
Dementia only exists when neurocognitive
impairment in the patient is severe enough to
interfere markedly with day-to-day function. That
is, the patient is typically unable to work and may
not be able to take care of him or herself. Before
this, the patient is said to have a mild
neurocognitive disorder.
HIV dementia, HIV encephalopathy and HIV-
associated dementia) is a common neurological
disorder associated with HIV infection and AIDS.
It is a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV
infection and fueled by immune activation of
brain macrophages and microglia.These cells are
actively infected with HIV and secrete neurotoxins
of both host and viral origin. The essential
features of ADC are disabling cognitive
impairment accompanied by motor dysfunction,
speech problems and behavioral change.
Cognitive impairment is characterised by mental
slowness, trouble with memory and poor
concentration. Motor symptoms include a loss of
fine motor control leading to clumsiness, poor
balance and tremors. Behavioral changes may
include apathy, lethargy and diminished
emotional responses and spontaneity.
Histopathologically, it is identified by the infiltration
of monocytes and macrophages into the central
nervous system (CNS), gliosis, pallor of myelin
sheaths, abnormalities of dendritic processes and
neuronal apoptosis.
ADC typically occurs after years of HIV infection
and is associated with low CD4+ T cell levels and
high plasma viral loads. It is sometimes seen as
the first sign of the onset of AIDS. Prevalence is
between 10-20% in Western countries and has
only been seen in 1-2% of India based infections.
This may have to do with differences in diets,
such as consumption of curcumin (in curry) and
EGCG or Theaflavins (in teas), both which can
pass the blood brain barrier and have
neuroprotective effects.With the advent of highly
active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the
frequency of ADC has declined in developed
countries. HAART may not only prevent or delay
the onset of ADC in people with HIV infection, it
can also improve mental function in people who
already have ADC.
Dementia only exists when neurocognitive
impairment in the patient is severe enough to
interfere markedly with day-to-day function. That
is, the patient is typically unable to work and may
not be able to take care of him or herself. Before
this, the patient is said to have a mild
neurocognitive disorder.
EGO
The Ego acts according to the reality principle; i.e.
it seeks to please the id’s drive in realistic ways
that will benefit in the long term rather than
bringing grief.[5]
"The ego is not sharply separated from
the id; its lower portion merges into
it.... But the repressed merges into the
id as well, and is merely a part of it. The
repressed is only cut off sharply from
the ego by the resistances of
repression; it can communicate with
the ego through the id." (Sigmund
Freud, 1923)
The Ego comprises that organised part of the
personality structure that includes defensive,
perceptual, intellectual-cognitive, and executive
functions. Conscious awareness resides in the
ego, although not all of the operations of the ego
are conscious. The ego separates what is real. It
helps us to organise our thoughts and make
sense of them and the world around us.[1]
According to Freud,
“ ...The ego is that part of the id which has
been modified by the direct influence of
the external world ... The ego represents
what may be called reason and common
sense, in contrast to the id, which contains
the passions ... in its relation to the id it is
like a man on horseback, who has to hold
in check the superior strength of the horse;
with this difference, that the rider tries to
do so with his own strength, while the
ego uses borrowed forces [Freud, The Ego
and the Id (1923)] ”
In Freud's theory, the ego mediates among the
id, the super-ego and the external world. Its task
is to find a balance between primitive drives and
reality (the Ego devoid of morality at this level)
while satisfying the id and super-ego. Its main
concern is with the individual's safety and allows
some of the id's desires to be expressed, but only
when consequences of these actions are
marginal. Ego defense mechanisms are often
used by the ego when id behavior conflicts with
reality and either society's morals, norms, and
taboos or the individual's expectations as a result
of the internalisation of these morals, norms, and
their taboos.
The word ego is taken directly from Latin, where
it is the nominative of the first person singular
personal pronoun and is translated as "I myself"
to express emphasis. The Latin term ego is used
in English to translate Freud's German term Das
Ich, which literally means "the I".
Ego development is known as the development
of multiple processes, cognitive function,
defenses, and interpersonal skills or to early
adolescence when ego processes are emerged.
[5]
In modern English, ego has many meanings. It
could mean one ’s self-esteem, an inflated sense
of self-worth, or in philosophical terms, one’s
self. However, according to Freud, the ego is the
part of the mind that contains the consciousness.
Originally, Freud used the word ego to mean a
sense of self, but later revised it to mean a set of
psychic functions such as judgment, tolerance,
reality-testing, control, planning, defense,
synthesis of information, intellectual functioning,
and memory.[1]
In a diagram of the Structural and Topographical
Models of Mind, the ego is depicted to be half in
the consciousness, while a quarter is in the
preconscious and the other quarter lies in the
unconscious.
When the ego is personified, it is like a slave to
three harsh masters: the id, the super-ego, and
the external world. It has to do its best to suit all
three, thus is constantly feeling hemmed by the
danger of causing discontent on two other sides.
It is said, however, that the ego seems to be
more loyal to the id, preferring to gloss over the
finer details of reality to minimize conflicts while
pretending to have a regard for reality. But the
super-ego is constantly watching every one of
the ego's moves and punishes it with feelings of
guilt, anxiety, and inferiority. To overcome this
the ego employs defense mechanisms. The
defense mechanisms are not done so directly or
consciously. They lessen the tension by covering
up our impulses that are threatening.[6]
Denial, displacement, intellectualisation, fantasy,
compensation, projection, rationalisation, reaction
formation, regression, repression, and
sublimation were the defense mechanisms Freud
identified. However, his daughter Anna Freud
clarified and identified the concepts of undoing,
suppression, dissociation, idealisation,
identification, introjection, inversion, somatisation,
splitting, and substitution.
it seeks to please the id’s drive in realistic ways
that will benefit in the long term rather than
bringing grief.[5]
"The ego is not sharply separated from
the id; its lower portion merges into
it.... But the repressed merges into the
id as well, and is merely a part of it. The
repressed is only cut off sharply from
the ego by the resistances of
repression; it can communicate with
the ego through the id." (Sigmund
Freud, 1923)
The Ego comprises that organised part of the
personality structure that includes defensive,
perceptual, intellectual-cognitive, and executive
functions. Conscious awareness resides in the
ego, although not all of the operations of the ego
are conscious. The ego separates what is real. It
helps us to organise our thoughts and make
sense of them and the world around us.[1]
According to Freud,
“ ...The ego is that part of the id which has
been modified by the direct influence of
the external world ... The ego represents
what may be called reason and common
sense, in contrast to the id, which contains
the passions ... in its relation to the id it is
like a man on horseback, who has to hold
in check the superior strength of the horse;
with this difference, that the rider tries to
do so with his own strength, while the
ego uses borrowed forces [Freud, The Ego
and the Id (1923)] ”
In Freud's theory, the ego mediates among the
id, the super-ego and the external world. Its task
is to find a balance between primitive drives and
reality (the Ego devoid of morality at this level)
while satisfying the id and super-ego. Its main
concern is with the individual's safety and allows
some of the id's desires to be expressed, but only
when consequences of these actions are
marginal. Ego defense mechanisms are often
used by the ego when id behavior conflicts with
reality and either society's morals, norms, and
taboos or the individual's expectations as a result
of the internalisation of these morals, norms, and
their taboos.
The word ego is taken directly from Latin, where
it is the nominative of the first person singular
personal pronoun and is translated as "I myself"
to express emphasis. The Latin term ego is used
in English to translate Freud's German term Das
Ich, which literally means "the I".
Ego development is known as the development
of multiple processes, cognitive function,
defenses, and interpersonal skills or to early
adolescence when ego processes are emerged.
[5]
In modern English, ego has many meanings. It
could mean one ’s self-esteem, an inflated sense
of self-worth, or in philosophical terms, one’s
self. However, according to Freud, the ego is the
part of the mind that contains the consciousness.
Originally, Freud used the word ego to mean a
sense of self, but later revised it to mean a set of
psychic functions such as judgment, tolerance,
reality-testing, control, planning, defense,
synthesis of information, intellectual functioning,
and memory.[1]
In a diagram of the Structural and Topographical
Models of Mind, the ego is depicted to be half in
the consciousness, while a quarter is in the
preconscious and the other quarter lies in the
unconscious.
When the ego is personified, it is like a slave to
three harsh masters: the id, the super-ego, and
the external world. It has to do its best to suit all
three, thus is constantly feeling hemmed by the
danger of causing discontent on two other sides.
It is said, however, that the ego seems to be
more loyal to the id, preferring to gloss over the
finer details of reality to minimize conflicts while
pretending to have a regard for reality. But the
super-ego is constantly watching every one of
the ego's moves and punishes it with feelings of
guilt, anxiety, and inferiority. To overcome this
the ego employs defense mechanisms. The
defense mechanisms are not done so directly or
consciously. They lessen the tension by covering
up our impulses that are threatening.[6]
Denial, displacement, intellectualisation, fantasy,
compensation, projection, rationalisation, reaction
formation, regression, repression, and
sublimation were the defense mechanisms Freud
identified. However, his daughter Anna Freud
clarified and identified the concepts of undoing,
suppression, dissociation, idealisation,
identification, introjection, inversion, somatisation,
splitting, and substitution.
Wednesday, August 18, 2010
Multi Personality Disorder
Multiple personality disorder: A neurosis in
which the personality becomes dissociated into
two or more distinct parts each of which
becomes dominant and controls behavior from
time to time to the exclusion of the other parts.(from Medterms.com)
In my opinion, Multiple Personality isn't a disorder, if you can control it. It will be a gift. It is two or more personality that each of them are likely to be different and sometime look like jeckyll and hyde tale. The great weapon is self control because almost nothing is impossible. You can be having multiple personality, but how about human mind that often changed with many condition? Is that can make you to be Multiple Personality? I personally say that I am NOT AGREE with the term of disorder to the mental patient. If someone is crazy, they don't have a disorder, they only lack of patient. It should be Neurosis Disorder.
which the personality becomes dissociated into
two or more distinct parts each of which
becomes dominant and controls behavior from
time to time to the exclusion of the other parts.(from Medterms.com)
In my opinion, Multiple Personality isn't a disorder, if you can control it. It will be a gift. It is two or more personality that each of them are likely to be different and sometime look like jeckyll and hyde tale. The great weapon is self control because almost nothing is impossible. You can be having multiple personality, but how about human mind that often changed with many condition? Is that can make you to be Multiple Personality? I personally say that I am NOT AGREE with the term of disorder to the mental patient. If someone is crazy, they don't have a disorder, they only lack of patient. It should be Neurosis Disorder.
Some reason why you won't have to worry about loneliness
Based on my research, being alone and lonely aren't always bad like people usually relate rain with sadness. There are some reason :
1. You can do whatever you want without anyone care about what you do.
2. You can find some peace like people that isn't alone don't have. eg. meditation.
3. Being alone can teach you on how to survive this concrete jungle and the jungle.
4. Being alone can teach you the meaning of this life without anyone control your life.
But, there are some negative effects like :
1. Need of someone who can accompany you.
2. Human is destined to be social creature.
3. Being alone won't teach you about the feel of each relationship.
4. You have to do it all alone.
There is Chinese Symbol called Ying and Yang. The Positive energy have to be balanced with The Negative energy to create a balanced life.
Any question can be sent through comment.
1. You can do whatever you want without anyone care about what you do.
2. You can find some peace like people that isn't alone don't have. eg. meditation.
3. Being alone can teach you on how to survive this concrete jungle and the jungle.
4. Being alone can teach you the meaning of this life without anyone control your life.
But, there are some negative effects like :
1. Need of someone who can accompany you.
2. Human is destined to be social creature.
3. Being alone won't teach you about the feel of each relationship.
4. You have to do it all alone.
There is Chinese Symbol called Ying and Yang. The Positive energy have to be balanced with The Negative energy to create a balanced life.
Any question can be sent through comment.
7 Types of Single
1. Pure Single : Pure, because never been in relationship and not yet understand about love and not yet have a crush to anyone.
2. Blue Single : are they who just formally broke up and the couple agree with their decision.
3. Negative Single : really hate with love because really upset and desperate after left by gf/bf.
4. Sniper Single : never been in relationship and never have the courage to confess to the 'target'.
5. Impossible Single : because the people he/she have a crush on is impossible to reach, eg. dead person.
6. Hunter Single : because very enjoy the single life with 'hunting' and single again, and repeated again.
7. Error Single : never success in relationship because each target is owned.
Source : 'Ngejomblo itu Nikmat (Single is Fun)' by Ayub Yahya.
2. Blue Single : are they who just formally broke up and the couple agree with their decision.
3. Negative Single : really hate with love because really upset and desperate after left by gf/bf.
4. Sniper Single : never been in relationship and never have the courage to confess to the 'target'.
5. Impossible Single : because the people he/she have a crush on is impossible to reach, eg. dead person.
6. Hunter Single : because very enjoy the single life with 'hunting' and single again, and repeated again.
7. Error Single : never success in relationship because each target is owned.
Source : 'Ngejomblo itu Nikmat (Single is Fun)' by Ayub Yahya.
First post
This is The First Post of This blog. This blog hoped to be filled with personality problems and solutions. Then there are some tips from me. Gonna get ready soon.
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